Knee Arthroscopy
Knee Arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy, often called “keyhole surgery,” is a minimally invasive procedure to both diagnose and treat a range of knee issues. This technique involves the use of an arthroscope—a small camera inserted through tiny incisions—allowing the surgeon to view the inside of the knee and make repairs using specialised instruments. With less disruption to surrounding tissues, knee arthroscopy can offer faster recovery than traditional open surgery.
What Is Knee Arthroscopy Used For?
Knee arthroscopy is commonly recommended for patients experiencing knee pain or mechanical symptoms, such as catching, locking, or instability, when other treatments haven’t provided relief. Common conditions treated with knee arthroscopy include:
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Meniscal Tears:
The meniscus can tear due to trauma or wear, causing pain, swelling, and reduced movement. Arthroscopy allows precise diagnosis and treatment to relieve symptoms. -
Cartilage and Osteochondral Lesions:
Isolated cartilage or osteochondral defects can lead to joint pain and instability. Arthroscopy can stabilise or repair these damaged areas.
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Loose Bodies in the Knee:
Small fragments of bone or cartilage may float within the knee joint, causing pain or catching sensations. These can be removed during arthroscopy, often restoring normal movement.
Arthroscopy is generally not advisable in the presence of arthritis, as the degenerative changes associated with arthritis typically require other types of treatment for long-lasting relief and joint stability.
Who Might Benefit from Knee Arthroscopy?
Knee arthroscopy may be suitable for those who:
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Have a meniscal tear or isolated cartilage defect causing persistent pain or mechanical symptoms, often identified with MRI scans.
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Experience pain and instability due to loose bodies within the knee joint.
Patients with arthritis are typically not considered for arthroscopy, as this procedure does not address the underlying degenerative changes associated with arthritis.
Types of Arthroscopic Procedures Offered
Diagnostic Arthroscopy
When imaging results (such as MRI scans) are inconclusive, diagnostic arthroscopy provides direct visualisation of the joint to help identify the cause of symptoms and determine the most effective treatment.
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Meniscal Tear Treatment
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Meniscal Repair: When possible, meniscal tears are repaired using sutures, especially when the tear occurs in a vascularised area. Repairing the meniscus helps preserve knee stability and cushioning.
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Partial Meniscectomy: If repair isn’t feasible, a partial meniscectomy removes only the torn portion, relieving symptoms while preserving as much meniscus as possible.
Chondroplasty for Cartilage Damage
Chondroplasty involves smoothing roughened cartilage to relieve pain and improve joint function. This is particularly useful for isolated areas of cartilage damage.
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Microfracture for Osteochondral Defects
Microfracture is a technique that stimulates cartilage growth by creating small holes in the bone where cartilage is missing. This treatment is especially effective in younger patients with localised cartilage damage.
The Knee Arthroscopy Procedure
Knee arthroscopy is usually done under general anaesthesia, though local anaesthesia may be used in certain cases. During the procedure:
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Small incisions are made around the knee to allow access for the arthroscope and necessary instruments.
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The arthroscope projects a clear view of the knee interior onto a monitor, allowing the surgeon to locate and treat the specific issue.
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Depending on the diagnosis, the surgeon may trim the meniscus, smooth rough cartilage, or stimulate cartilage growth using the microfracture technique.
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Most patients go home the same day due to the minimally invasive approach of knee arthroscopy.
Recovery After Knee Arthroscopy
Recovery times vary based on the procedure performed and individual healing response. Generally:
Mobility
Early movement is encouraged to prevent
stiffness. Crutches may be provided initially for comfort.
Physical Therapy
Physiotherapy is often recommended to restore strength, range of motion, and knee
stability.
Pain Management
Pain and swelling are expected and can be managed with prescribed medication, ice packs, and elevation.
Return to Activity
Most patients resume normal activities within a few weeks, though high-impact sports may require a longer recovery period.
Common Indications for Arthroscopic Procedures
Recovery times vary based on the procedure performed and individual healing response. Generally:
Condition
Meniscal Tear
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Osteochondral Defect
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Loose Bodies
Arthroscopic Treatment
Meniscal repair or partial meniscectomy
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Microfracture or chondroplasty
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​Removal of loose bodies
Referral for Ligament Injuries
For patients with ligament injuries, such as ACL tears or multi-ligament knee damage, referral to a sports knee specialist is advised. These surgeons are experienced in ligament reconstructions, which involve techniques specifically focused on restoring stability to the knee joint.
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Knee arthroscopy may be an appropriate option for those with meniscal tears, cartilage defects, or loose bodies within the knee. A consultation will help determine the most suitable approach based on individual needs and the specific knee condition. Please contact the clinic to arrange a consultation or learn more about available treatments.