Robotic partial knee replacement
What is Robotic-Assisted Partial Knee Replacement?
Robotic-assisted partial knee replacement is a minimally invasive procedure that targets and replaces only the damaged compartment of the knee, preserving the healthy cartilage and bone in the other areas. The knee has three compartments: medial (inside), lateral (outside), and patellofemoral (front). If arthritis or injury is limited to one compartment, robotic surgery offers a precise solution.
The robotic system enhances the surgeon's accuracy by providing detailed 3D images of the knee, tailored to your anatomy. This enables careful planning and execution, ensuring the removal of damaged tissue and precise placement of the prosthesis. The robotic arm aids in controlled movements, minimising disruption to surrounding tissues.
By optimising the alignment and placement of the prosthetic components, robotic assistance can improve knee function, reduce recovery time, and lower the risk of complications, offering a more efficient and effective treatment.
Who is a Candidate for Robotic-Assisted Partial Knee Replacement?
The ideal candidates for robotic-assisted partial knee replacement are individuals with osteoarthritis or cartilage damage confined to one compartment of the knee. The best candidates typically have intact ligaments, especially the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and a stable knee joint with a good range of motion. If you have tried conservative treatments, such as physical therapy or medications, without significant relief, robotic-assisted partial knee replacement may be a suitable option. Your orthopaedic surgeon will evaluate your condition and determine whether this advanced procedure is right for you.
What Are the Main Benefits of Robotic-Assisted Partial Knee Replacement?
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Preserves More Natural Knee Function
Robotic-assisted surgery removes only the damaged tissue in the affected compartment, preserving more of your healthy knee. This leads to a more natural feeling post-surgery, with better overall knee function. -
Enhanced Precision
The robotic system allows for more accurate placement of the prosthetic components, ensuring optimal alignment and balance for better long-term results. This precision helps reduce wear and tear on the implant, potentially extending its lifespan. -
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Because the procedure is less invasive, it typically involves smaller incisions, less tissue damage, and a reduced risk of infection compared to traditional knee surgery. -
Quicker Recovery
Robotic-assisted partial knee replacement is generally associated with a faster recovery compared to total knee replacement. Most patients experience less postoperative pain, which allows for quicker rehabilitation and a return to daily activities. -
Reduced Pain and Better Range of Motion
Many patients report a significant reduction in pain after surgery and improved range of motion, often achieving a greater range than with total knee replacement. The preservation of healthy tissue contributes to a more natural movement.
Who is a Candidate for Partial Knee Replacement?
Candidates for partial knee replacement are typically individuals with osteoarthritis confined to a single compartment of the knee. Ideal candidates are those who have tried other treatments, such as medications or physical therapy, without success. Good candidates usually have intact ligaments and a stable knee joint with a good range of motion. Your orthopaedic surgeon will assess your individual condition and determine whether partial knee replacement is right for you.
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The Surgical Procedure
Before undergoing surgery, you will have a series of evaluations, including X-rays or an MRI, to assess the extent of knee damage. The surgery itself generally takes between one to two hours and is performed under either spinal or general anaesthesia. The surgeon will make a small incision over the knee, remove the damaged tissue, and replace it with prosthetic components tailored to your knee. Once the components are properly aligned and functioning, the incision is closed, and you will be moved to recovery.
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Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from partial knee replacement is typically faster than from total knee replacement. Many patients are able to go home the same day or after a brief hospital stay. Physiotherapy will begin soon after surgery to help you regain strength, mobility, and flexibility in the knee. Most patients are able to resume walking without assistance within three to six weeks. However, full recovery and optimal knee function may take up to three months. It’s important to follow your rehabilitation plan to ensure the best possible outcome.
What Are the Potential Risks and Complications?
As with any surgery, partial knee replacement carries some risks. These can include:
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Infection:
Though rare, infection can occur and may require further treatment.
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Blood clots:
Blood clots, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), can form after surgery. Blood-thinning medications are often prescribed to help reduce this risk.
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Implant issues:
The prosthetic components may loosen or wear over time, which might require revision surgery in the future.
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Arthritis progression:
Though rare, arthritis may develop in the other parts of the knee (lateral compartment or patellofemoral joint) after the surgery, potentially requiring further treatment or revision surgery.
What is the Long-Term Outlook for Partial Knee Replacement?
Partial knee replacement generally has a lifespan of 15 to 20 years, after which wear and tear may require revision surgery. Most patients experience a significant reduction in pain, a better range of motion, and improved function after the procedure.
However, there is a small risk of progression of arthritis in the other parts of the knee, which can occur in around 10% of patients within 10 years. If this happens, further surgical interventions may be necessary.
Is Partial Knee Replacement Right for You?
If you're considering partial knee replacement, it’s important to consult with your orthopaedic surgeon to discuss your symptoms, treatment history, and overall health. Your surgeon will assess whether this procedure is the most suitable option for relieving your knee pain and improving your quality of life.
If you’re struggling with knee pain and have been advised that only part of your knee is affected, partial knee replacement may offer a highly effective solution.